If you import or export goods between the UK and other countries, you will usually need an EORI number UK customs authorities can use to identify your business. Without one, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) can hold up your shipment at the border, so it is worth confirming whether you need one before you book any freight. Our UK customs clearance team can help you check your status and get set up if needed.
What Is an EORI Number?
EORI stands for Economic Operators Registration and Identification number. It is a unique reference issued by HMRC that identifies your business to customs authorities whenever goods cross the UK border.
Think of it as the customs equivalent of a VAT number. Every import or export declaration submitted on your behalf needs a valid EORI number attached to it, so customs officers can trace the shipment back to your business.
A UK EORI number starts with the prefix “GB” followed by 12 digits, usually based on your VAT registration number. If you also move goods to or from Northern Ireland, you may need a separate “XI” EORI number as well.
Do You Need an EORI Number for UK Imports or Exports?
You need an EORI number if your business:
- Imports goods into the UK from outside the UK, including from the EU
- Exports goods from the UK to any other country
- Uses a customs agent or broker to submit declarations on your behalf
- Moves goods through UK ports such as those covered by our Dover and Tilbury clearance teams
You will not normally need an EORI number if you only provide services, rather than move physical goods, or if you are a private individual sending personal items that are not for business use. If you are unsure which category your business falls into, it is worth checking before goods are due to travel, rather than finding out at the port.
How Do You Apply for an EORI Number?
Applying for an EORI number is done directly through HMRC’s website and is free of charge. The process typically involves:
- Confirming whether you already have an EORI number (many VAT-registered businesses were issued one automatically)
- Registering online via the GOV.UK EORI application service
- Providing your business details, including your VAT number if you have one
- Waiting for confirmation, which usually takes a few days but can take longer if HMRC needs more information
Once issued, your EORI number does not expire, but it is worth double-checking it is still active and correctly linked to your VAT details before a busy shipping period.
What Happens If You Don’t Have an EORI Number?
Without a valid EORI number, customs declarations cannot be completed, which means goods can be delayed or refused entry at the border. This applies whether goods are arriving by sea, as covered by our sea freight services, or moving under transit arrangements such as T1 transit documents.
Delays caused by a missing EORI number can lead to storage charges, missed delivery slots, and disruption further down the supply chain, so it is best to sort this out well ahead of your first shipment.
Which Ports Does This Apply To?
An EORI number is required regardless of which UK port or airport your goods move through. MartinTrux handles customs clearance at ports including Dover and Tilbury, and our team can confirm your EORI status is correctly set up before your goods arrive.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to get an EORI number?
Most applications are processed within a few working days, though it can take longer if HMRC requests additional information. It’s best to apply well in advance of your first shipment.
Do I need a separate EORI number for Northern Ireland?
If you move goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, you may need an additional “XI” EORI number alongside your standard GB number. Our team can advise on which you need based on your trade routes.
Can a customs agent use their EORI number instead of mine?
No. Even if a customs broker submits your declarations, the EORI number used must belong to the business that owns the goods, not the agent handling the paperwork.
How MartinTrux Can Help
MartinTrux has been supporting UK importers and exporters since 1982, with over 500 years of combined team experience across our Dover, Heathrow, and Manchester offices. We are accredited by HMRC as an Authorised Economic Operator (AEO), reflecting the standard of our customs processes and systems.
This article is intended as general guidance and not formal customs or legal advice. Every trade route and business setup is different, so if you are unsure whether you need an EORI number, or need help applying for one, get in touch with our team and we will talk you through it.